Explanation:
In translations there are vertical and horitizontal shifts, depending on wether the number is inside parenthesis or outside the parenthesis. There is also a rigid transformation, which is a transformation that changes only the position of the graph in the xy- plane but not it's shape. One way of rigidly transforming a graph of a function is by a reflection in a coordinate axis. If y=f(x) is a function, then the graph of y=-f(x) is the graph of f reflected in the x-axis and y=f(-x) is the graph of f reflected in the y-axis. A nonrigid transformation is when the shape of the graph is changed but retains, roughly, it's original shape. Some examples of nonrigid transformations are stretching or compressing. A graph is vertically stretched by a factor of c units if c> 1, and vertically compressed by a factor of c units if 0<c<1.
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